Migration is an integral part of rural livelihood in Odisha and people move to other states in search of work and better wages. Migration is more pronounced especially from the districts of Bolangir and Nuapada (the Koraput-Bolangir-Kalahandi or the KBK region) because of difficult living conditions and an undeveloped economy.

The situation is further compounded because of exploitative practices of moneylenders and recruitment agents/middle men who take advantage of this situation.This vulnerable group of workers moving from one state to another often do not have access to the government schemes for social security, health, education and welfare benefits. Often, because of the seasonal nature of their work, these workers move with their families and children are the worst sufferers. They discontinue their education in the source states and move with the families to the destination states and subsequently become child labourers.